Now that summer is here, it’s important to recognize and protect yourself and your loved ones from the potentially dangerous effects of extreme summer heat. Between 1999 and 2010, 7,415 Americans succumbed to heat-related illnesses. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) about 658 deaths occur in the United States each year due to extreme heat. The good news is that heat-related illnesses and deaths are preventable.
The CDC defines “extreme heat” as temperatures and humidity levels much higher than the average for a particular location. Heat-related illness occurs when body temperature is too high and the body cannot cool itself normally through sweating. Very high body temperatures may lead to brain damage or damage to other vital organs which is why it is so important to watch for signs and symptoms of heat-related illness and take precautions to prevent it.
Certain populations are at a greater risk for suffering heat-related illnesses:
Other risk factors are:
This is the most serious heat-related illness and may cause permanent disability or death if medical treatment is not sought immediately. Warning signs of heat stroke include:
Seek immediate emergency medical attention and cool victims of heat stroke by whatever means available as quickly as possible. Do not give heat stroke victims anything to drink.
This is a less extreme type of heat-related illness that may occur over the course of several days of heat exposure. Symptoms may include:
Medical attention is not required unless symptoms continue for more than one hour or worsen, which may lead to heat stroke. Give cool liquid to drink (not alcoholic), take a cool shower or bath, seek air conditioning and wear lightweight clothing.
These usually occur in the abdomen or extremities as muscle cramps or spasms. Heat cramps frequently occur with vigorous physical activity. Medical attention is usually not necessary unless cramps continue for longer than one hour.
Most commonly in young children and appears as a red patch of pimples or blisters usually on the neck, chest, groin area, or inside of the elbows, and is caused by excessive sweating. Place heat rash victims in a cooler environment and keep the rash area dry.
The CDC recommends the following to help prevent heat-related illness:
It’s also important to remember pets are vulnerable to the effects of extreme heat and humidity. Give your pets plenty of water and access to cool and shady places and never leave your pets unattended in cars even if you leave a window cracked open.
Follow these tips and enjoy a safe and happy summer!
